Dr. Martin Klein
Seit März 2019
Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter, Institut für Philosophie, Theoretische Philosophie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
10/2012 – 2016
Research Fellow am EXC Topoi, HU Berlin, Institut für Philosophie
01/2018 – 04/2018
Gastwissenschaftler am Centre Pierre Abélard, Sorbonne université & EPHE, Paris
07/2016 – 2018
Mellon Fellow, Toronto-Rome Diploma Programme in Manuscript Studies, PIMS Toronto
11/2016
Promotion („summa cum laude“) in Philosophie an der HU Berlin
07/2012
Magister artium („mit Auszeichnung“) in Philosophie & Mittelalterlicher Geschichte an der HU Berlin
10/2005 – 11/2016
Studium der Philosophie, Geschichte & Theologie in Berlin, Toronto, Groningen & Rom (Betreuer: Dominik Perler, Martin Pickavé & Martin Lenz)
07/2005
Abitur, Landesschule Pforta, Sprachenzweig
Immaterialität, Materialität, Intentionalität: Johannes Buridans Philosophie des Geistes
This dissertation project concerned philosophical psychology and epistemology, and their metaphysical underpinnings in the late Middle Ages, focussing on critiques of cognitivist arguments for the immaterial nature of the human mind.
The problem of intentionality is an integral part of the discussion about the nature of the human mind or intellect not only in contemporary, but also in mediaeval philosophy. What does possessing an intellect mean? How can the intellect understand other things like material objects in terms of singular and universal cognition? How can it have knowledge of itself?
In late mediaeval philosophical psychology, it was customary to link intellective cognitive faculties with the immaterial or non-physical nature of the intellect. This primarily involves using arguments from cognition theory to answer the question of the ontological status of the intellect. Alternatively, by taking the immaterial nature of the intellect as its basis, conclusions are drawn about its cognitive achievements.
However, the validity of these arguments began being questioned over the course of the 13th until the end of the 14th century by various thinkers and, most explicitly, by John Buridan (c. 1300–c. 1358), Master of Arts at the University of Paris. Buridan rejects traditional proofs for the immaterial nature of the human intellect, and gives a materialistic account of its nature within philosophical boundaries. These are nevertheless challenged by theology that considers the intellect, a supernatural product, to be immaterial and everlasting. However, as Buridan makes clear, these theological strictures should not be taken as the foundation of epistemology when explaining different modes of human understanding, such as singular and universal cognition of extra-mental things as well as of the human soul itself.
This dissertation project was successfully completed within the Research Group D-2 Mapping body and soul of the Excellence Cluster 264 Topoi.
Monographie
2019
Philosophie des Geistes im Spätmittelalter. Intellekt, Materie und Intentionalität bei Johannes Buridan (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters 124), Leiden: Brill 2019.
[Rezension von V. Decaix in Archives de philosophie 84.3 (2021), 212–214.]
Herausgeberschaften
2021
Double Intentionality: Phenomenological and Medieval Perspectives, Sonderband Topoi (mit M. Summa & P. Schmidt, erscheint 2021).
2020
Medieval and Early Modern Epistemology: After Certainty, Sonderband der Proceedings of the Society for Medieval Logic and Metaphysics 17 (2020) (mit A. Hall & G. Klima).
2018
Consciousness and Memory in Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy, Sonderband von Society and Politics 12/2 (2018) (mit N. Osori-Kupferblum & O. Toth)
Aufsätze
2021
„Introduction: Double Intentionality“, in: Double Intentionality: Phenomenological and Medieval Perspectives, Sonderband Topoi (mit M. Summa & P. Schmidt, erscheint 2021).
„Vegetative Powers of Human Beings: Late Medieval Metaphysical Worries“, in: Vegetative Powers: Bodily Lives from Late Antiquity to Early Modernity (International Archives in the History of Ideas 234), eds. F. Baldassarri & A. Blank, Berlin: de Gruyter 2021, 153–175.
2020
„Mental Gaze and Presence: Hervaeus Natalis, Peter Auriol, and John Buridan on Objects of Cognition“, Recherches de Théologie et Philosophie Médiévales 87/2 (2020), 371–391.
„Digestive Problems: John Buridan on Human Nutrition“, in: Nutrition and Nutritive Soul in Aristotle and Aristotelianism (Topics in Ancient Philosophy 9), eds. R. Lo Presti & G. Korobili, Berlin: de Gruyter 2020, 259–284.
„John Buridan Being After Certainty“, PSMLM 17 (2020), 21–36.
2019
„John Buridan on the Singularity of Sense Perception“, in: Medieval Perceptual Puzzles. Theories of Sense Perception in the 13th and 14th Centuries (Investigating Medieval Philosophy 13), ed. E. Baltuta, Leiden: Brill 2019, 364–388.
Rezensionen
2018
„A. Brungs/V. Mudroch/P. Schulthess: Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie. Die Philosophie des Mittelalters. Bd. 4: 13. Jahrhundert.“, Theologische Literaturzeitung 143/12 (2018), 1301–1303.
Miszellen
2020
„Introduction“, in: Medieval and Early Modern Epistemology: After Certainty, eds. A. Hall/G. Klima/M. Klein, Sonderband der Proceedings of the Society for Medieval Logic and Metaphysics 17 (2020), 1–4.
2016
„Kann denn Ehe Sünde sein? Luther, die Philosophie und der Sex“, in: Geistesprotokolle. Notizen aus der Waffenkammer, Festschrift für Regine Huppenbauer-Krause, eds. F. Herzig & K. Tetzlaff, Schulpforte 2016, 75–90.
2015
„Berlin: ,Thinking in the Middle Ages. Animals, Humans, Angels‘“, Bulletin de philosophie médiévale 56 (2015), 418–428 (Konferenzbericht, mit Anselm Oelze).